Finally, approaches to control the corrosion of metallic biomaterials are highlighted.īiomaterials are commonly defined as nonviable materials intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or function of the body. Then, the principles of implant failure, retrieval and failure analysis are highlighted, followed by description of the most common corrosion processes in vivo. These biomaterials include stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium and its alloys, Nitinol shape memory alloy, dental amalgams, gold, metallic glasses and biodegradable metals. Next, the mostly used metallic biomaterials and their corrosion performance are reviewed. Then, the kinetics of corrosion, passivity, its breakdown and regeneration in vivo are conferred. In this invited review paper, the body environment is analysed in detail and the possible effects of the corrosion of different biomaterials on biocompatibility are discussed.
The fundamental paradigm of metallic biomaterials, except biodegradable metals, has been “the more corrosion resistant, the more biocompatible.” The body environment is harsh and raises several challenges with respect to corrosion control. The corrosion resistance of an implant material affects its functionality and durability and is a prime factor governing biocompatibility. Metallic biomaterials are used in medical devices in humans more than any other family of materials.
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